Complete Assignments of Courses of Leading Universities: ACC202 Principles of managerial accounting

ACC202 Principles of managerial accounting

Ashford University

Ashford ACC202 Week 1 CNOW Mastery Problem Job Order Costing (Advanced)

Mastery Problem: Job Order Costing (Advanced)

Cost flows

The price quoted to the customer is closely tied to the estimated cost in environments in which products are made according to the customer's specifications. Therefore, a company must be able to determine the unit cost of its products for pricing as well as for financial reporting purposes. To track costs in these environments, a Job order costing system is generally used. A job order costing system must be able to identify each individual job and accumulate its costs separately from the costs of other jobs. Recall the flow of costs used to determine cost of goods manufactured and cost of goods sold. The following flowchart illustrates the flow of costs into Work in Process and Finished Goods.

Materials

Labor

Overhead

Work in Process:

Job 3
Materials, Labor, OH

Job 4
Materials, Labor, OH

In job order costing, the costs in Work in Process and Finished Goods can be related to specific jobs.

Finished Goods:

Job 1
Materials, Labor, OH

Job 2
Materials, Labor, OH

APPLY THE CONCEPTS: Determine the costs for Work in Process and Finished Goods

	Job 1	Job 2	Job 3	Job 4
Materials	$550	$400	$315	$411
Labor	818	525	475	623
Overhead	325	258	126	164
Total	$fill in the blank 7da22dff0ff5010_1	$fill in the blank 7da22dff0ff5010_2	$fill in the blank 7da22dff0ff5010_3	$fill in the blank 7da22dff0ff5010_4

Complete the table and determine the following account

Work in Process $fill in the blank 7da22dff0ff5010_5

Finished Goods $fill in the blank 7da22dff0ff5010_6

Feedback

Note that Jobs 1 and 2 have been completed, and so are accounted for in Finished Goods. Jobs 3 and 4 are still in process, and so will be accounted for in WIP until they are complete.

Job Cost Sheets

A job cost sheet is used to accumulate the following costs for each job: direct materials, direct labor and overhead. It is an internal document, so the format varies by company. Some companies prefer a detailed cost sheet that shows the details for direct materials (such as quantity, type, and requisition numbers for each material used) and details for direct labor (such as hours and wage rate for each employee who worked on the job). Other companies prefer a summary showing a total for direct materials and a total for direct labor. Overhead applied is reported on all job cost sheets. Recall that firms use normal costing to determine unit cost. Normal costing requires the use of predetermined overhead rates, which are calculated as follows:

Predetermined Overhead Rate =	Estimated Annual Overhead
	Estimated Cost Driver

APPLY THE CONCEPTS: Complete the job cost sheets for In the Doghouse Company

In the Doghouse Company builds doghouses. They have three sizes: small, medium and large. Each size can be built in one of two styles, standard or deluxe. All doghouses are built with treated lumber and have shingled roofs. The deluxe model is insulated and has a covered porch. In the Doghouse sells mostly to local hardware and garden stores.

The costs for direct materials and direct labor for each type of doghouse are shown in the table below. The direct materials cost includes costs for lumber, shingles, stain or paint, and insulation. Nails and glue are also used in the construction and are considered indirect materials which make them part of overhead. The company employs two carpenters and a part-time student to maintain the equipment and clean the shop. The carpenters' wages are direct labor. The student's wages are indirect labor and, therefore, part of overhead. Other overhead costs include depreciation of equipment and the building, insurance, utilities, and taxes. Overhead is applied at 10% of direct labor cost. In the Doghouse summarizes costs by direct materials, direct labor, and overhead on its job cost sheets.

	Direct Materials	Direct Labor
Standard:
Small	$64	$60
Medium	111	90
Large	135	150
Deluxe:
Small	$78	$120
Medium	152	180
Large	256	240

At the beginning of August, the company has one job, job number 706, in progress from the previous month. This job is for an order of 16 medium, deluxe doghouses. As of August 1, $972.80 of direct materials have been used, $1,152.00 of direct labor have been charged to the job and $115.20 of overhead was applied to the job. Click on the link below to get more detail on job number 706.

During August, In the Doghouse received an order for 20 small, standard doghouses. This is job number 801 and was completed by the end of the month.

Another order was received during the month, job 802, for 12 large, deluxe doghouses. At the end of August, job 802 was still in process. $614.4 of direct materials has been used, $576 of direct labor has been charged to the job, and overhead was applied to job 802 using the predetermined overhead rate of 10% of direct labor cost.

Complete the following job cost sheets for the month of August In the Doghouse and answer the following questions.

Job 706
16 medium, deluxe doghouses
Direct materials		$fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_5
Direct labor		fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_6
Overhead		fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_7
	Total job cost	$fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_8

Job 801
20 small, standard doghouses
Direct materials		$fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_9
Direct labor		fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_10
Overhead		fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_11
	Total job cost	$fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_12

Job 802
12 large, deluxe doghouses
Direct materials		$fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_13
Direct labor		fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_14
Overhead		fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_15
	Total job cost	$fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_16

What is the balance in Work in Process on August 1? $fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_17

What is the balance in Work in Process on August 31? $fill in the blank a7ff35012f7ff86_18

Think outside the box:

What element would most likely be missing from a job cost sheet for a service organization?

- Job number 706

Job number 706: The following job cost sheet was prepared at the end of the previous month and shows the direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs as of the end of the month. When the job is completed in August, the amounts should show the totals for direct materials, direct labor, and overhead.

Job 706
16 medium, deluxe doghouses
Direct materials		$972.8
Direct labor		1152
Overhead		115.2
	Total job cost	$2,240

ACC202 Week 2 Discussion Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis (CVP)

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the article A Case Method Approach of Teaching How Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis is connected to the Flexible Budgeting Process and Variance Analysis (Links to an external site.).

The authors, Machuga and Smith (2013), present in the article a multidisciplinary case-method approach to help students who want to start a successful business understand the steps necessary to achieve their desired profits using cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis. The case-method emphasizes on the importance of CVP analysis and how it ties directly into the planning and control processes any management must take to start a potentially successful business.

After reading the aforementioned Machuga and Smith article, in an initial post of at least 200 words, discuss how cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis and flexible budgeting can enable students to understand the different stages involved in starting up a business, projecting out results, and monitoring business performance (Machuga & Smith. 2013).

ACC202 Week 2 Discussion 2 Operating Leverage

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the Investing Newsletter of Forbes Operating Leverage (Links to an external site.). The Finnish company Rovio Entertainment Corporation (Links to an external site.) that produces and sells the game Angry Birds, following years of falling earnings, job cuts and divestments announced that its revenue increased 34% in 2016 to 190 million euros ($201 million dollars). According to Rosendahl, the operating result improved to a profit of 17.5 million euros from a loss of 21 million in 2015, increasing earnings by 83% (Rosendahl, 2017). In 2015, Rovio Entertainment Corporation announced that its revenues for 2014 decreased nine percent compared to those of 2013; even worse, its earnings had decreased by 73% (Read the article, Investors Take Flight After Angry Birds Maker Warns on Profit (Links to an external site.)).

After reading Forbes' Investing Newsletter, in an initial post of at least 200 words, explain why relatively small changes in companies' revenues can result in relatively large changes in their earnings or losses. In other words, if a company's sales increase 12%, why do its earnings not also increase 12%?

Ashford ACC202 Week 3 Discussion 1 Pricing Decisions and Markup on Variable Costs

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, go to American Airlines (Links to an external site.)' and Samsung Electronics (Links to an external site.)' most recent annual reports by clicking on the "Investor Relations" link found at each company's website. The companies and their Internet addresses are listed below.

Company Name	Website	Product
American Airlines Group Inc. (AAL)	http://www.aa.com (Links to an external site.)	Airline tickets
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SSNLF)	https://www.samsung.com/us/ (Links to an external site.)	Electronics

American Airlines and Samsung are offering their products and services like many other companies over the internet. In an initial post of at least 200 words use the most recent annual filings for American Airlines and Samsung Electronics in Form 10-K to answer the questions below:

· Determine the following for each company:

o A product description

o A product price

o A list of costs that are required to produce and sell the product selected in the product description as listed in the annual report on SEC Form 10-K

o Whether the costs identified above are fixed costs or variable costs.

· Which of the products do you believe has the largest markup on variable cost?

· While Samsung is a hugely popular brand, holding its shares has never been easy for U.S. investors. How can an investor buy Samsung stock in the US?

Ashford ACC202 Week 3 Discussion 2 Balanced Scorecard and Economic Value Added (EVA)

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read about the Economic Value Added® (EVA®) and the Balanced Scorecard management systems on the websites of the Corporate Finance Institute (Links to an external site.) (CFI) and the Balanced Scorecard Institute (Links to an external site.) (BSI) respectively.

The consulting firm Stern Value Management designed the EVA® and the Palladium Group designed the Balanced Scorecard as breakthrough performance measures to rank ordering processes for investments and help clients create value.

Prepare in an initial post of at least 200 words a report describing the Balanced Scorecard and the Economic Value Added and their claimed advantages. Then compare these two systems to corporate and divisional performance measurement.

Ashford ACC202 Week 4 Discussion 1 Beyond Budgetin

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the articles Who Needs Budgets?, Traditional Budgeting vs. Beyond Budgeting (Links to an external site.) in the Financial Planning page of the CFO Edge website, and Traditional Budgeting Versus Beyond Budgeting: A Literature Review (Links to an external site.).

In the words of GE's legendary ex-CEO Jack Welch, Jack Welch, "The budgeting process at most companies has to be the most ineffective practice in management. It sucks the energy, time, fun, and big dreams out of an organization (…) [and] brings out the most unproductive behaviors (…)" (Welch & Welch, 2005, p. 189).

Some argue that the purposes of budgeting can be achieved without the conventional budgeting process. These companies espouse an idea called beyond budgeting that proposes to replace annual budgets with rolling forecasts of key performance indicators (Hope & Fraser, 2003). Others disagree, pointing out that the work of continuous planning is costlier than budgeting and that doing something continuously tends to make the process superficial.

So, the jury is still out. But so far, GE still prepares budgets! Discuss in an initial post of 200 words whether the controversial concept of beyond budgeting is a better approach for financial planning and analysis (FP&A) than traditional budgeting.

Ashford ACC202 Week 4 Discussion 2 Budget of the U.S. Government

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the Budget of the United States Government (Links to an external site.).

Congress is responsible for creating the federal government's annual budget. For agencies and their programs to be funded, Congressional authorization committees must pass, and the President must sign, all 12 authorization bills by September 30—the last day of the current fiscal year—so the country can have a new budget in time for the start of the next fiscal year (USA.gov, n.d.).

Access the Government Publishing Office (Links to an external site.) to obtain Historical Budgetary Tables following the steps below:

· Click on the link to access the Budget of the United States Government (Links to an external site.)

· Click on the "Fiscal Year 2018" link

· Scroll down and select "Historical Tables"

· Obtain the .xls (Excel) file format of Table 1.1 and Table 1.2 to complete the two requirements below:

o Table 1.2 shows the budget of Surpluses or Deficits (–) as Percentages of gross domestic product (GDP). Determine how many times since 1950 the budget has shown a surplus and how many times it has shown a deficit using the data in the Total column, "Surplus or Deficit." Also, identify the 3 years with the highest deficits, and the year with the highest surplus as a as a percentage of GDP. What were the surplus and deficit percentages for these years?

o Table 1.1 shows the budget Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) from 1789–2022. Identify whether the highest deficits incurred in the identified years from Table 1.2 were paid with tax revenues (receipts) or borrowed funds (outlays). Discuss how the government gets money and where the government spends money on.

· Click on the "Fiscal Year 2018" link, scroll down and obtain the PDF file for "Major Savings and Reforms" to complete the last requirement. The Major Savings and Reforms volume describes major savings and reform proposals included in the 2018 President's Budget.

o Discuss major discretionary budget eliminations. Why is it important that government budgets accurately estimate future revenues during economic downturns?

Your initial post must be a minimum of 200 words

Ashford ACC202 Week 5 Discussion 1 Capital Expenditures at General Dolla

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the article by Hayley Peterson, 15 Companies That Are Defying the Retail Meltdown by Opening Hundreds of New Stores (Links to an external site.).

While many retailers are closing stores, some are rapidly building new locations, with at least one—Dollar General (NYSE: DG)—adding as many as 900 stores this year (Peterson, 2018).

Obtain Dollar General's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2017. Form 10-K can be obtained either from the SEC (Links to an external site.)'s EDGAR Filing system or the "Investor Relations" link on the company's website at www.dollargeneral.com (Links to an external site.). Read the "Growth Strategies" and the "Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows" sections of Dollar General's 10-K Form to answer the following questions in an initial post of at least 200 words:

· How many stores is Dollar General planning to open during its 2018 and 2019 fiscal years? By what percentage would these new stores increase the size of the company?

· How much cash did General Dollar spend on investing activities during its 2016, 2017, and 2018 fiscal years? Do you think the amount spent on investing activities represents the full costs that General Dollar incurred to open new stores? Explain you answer.

· Where did General Dollar get the cash used to make these investments?

Ashford ACC202 Week 5 Discussion 2 Capital Budgeting Decisions

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the article Capital Investment Appraisal Techniques: A Survey of Current Usage (Links to an external site.) by Sangster (1993).

After setting the company's goals, managers evaluate capital investment projects and decide which should be funded. Suppose a company has four different capital budgeting projects from which to choose but has constrained funds and cannot implement all of the projects.

The following table contains information about four projects in which X Corporation has the opportunity to invest. This information is based on estimates that different managers have prepared about the company's potential project.

Project	Investment Required	Net Present Value	Life of Project	Internal Rate of Return	Profitability Index	Payback Period in Years	Accounting Rate of Return
A	$ 226,000	$ 36,908	5	21%	1.17	2.97	20%
B	$ 406,000	$ 50,740	6	24%	1.13	3.13	15%
C	$1,040,000	$152,325	3	19%	1.16	2.18	14%
D	$1,630,000	$ 19,870	4	14%	1.02	3.00	23%

Part 1: Rank the four projects in order of preference by using the following table:

	(a) Net Present Value	(b) Profitability Index	(c) Internal Rate of Return	(d) Payback Period	(e) Average Rate of Return
1st preferred	Project A, B, C, or D?
2nd preferred
3rd preferred
4th preferred

Part 2: Write a response in an initial post of at least 200 words discussing the usefulness of capital investment techniques (net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, payback period, and average rate of return) in selecting the four alternative investment opportunities in part 1.

ACC202 Week 5 Final Paper - Samsung

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, read The Wall Street Journal article Samsung's New Challenge: Rising Component Costs, and the Business Insider article Samsung Introduced 10 Times as Many Phones as Apple Last Year, but Its Mobile Division Made Half as Much Revenue (Links to an external site.).

In a three- to four-page paper (not including the title and reference pages) assess how Samsung's technological smartphone innovation accounts for the company's sales growth of mobile devices worldwide.

In your paper, determine whether Samsung could benefit by implementing a global product line-up strategy to pursue profitability. To make the determination go to Samsung's.com official website and locate the "Investor Relations" link to retrieve Samsung's financial statements. Utilize the SEC filings and annual reports to summarize Samsung's principal goods and services, market share, geographic locations where it operates, and major competitors.

Samsung is a leading smartphone vendor worldwide. In 2017, Samsung's market share of the global smartphone market was at around 21.6% with Apple as its closest competitor in the market. As the world's biggest smartphone maker, Samsung tries to keep profits up in its mainstay mobile phone business, but the rising costs of the components that go into its devices proves to be a challenge.

In your paper,

· Assess whether Samsung could benefit by using Activity Based Costing (ABC). Your evaluation should include

o factor(s) that influenced your decision,

o the ramifications of implementing ABC in the Global smartphone market, and

o how you would structure the distribution of costs using ABC for Samsung.

· Assess whether Samsung could benefit by using a standard cost system. Your evaluation should include

o the factor(s) that influenced your decision,

o the ramifications of costs, quantity, and variances, and

o the ramifications of using standard costs in the global smartphone market.

· Explain how Samsung could benefit by product pricing in terms of cost-plus concepts. This explanation should include

o Samsung's future plans, such as, expansion, consolidation, and downsizing, and

o how costs concepts could be used in the decision making.

The Samsung's New Challenge: Rising Component Costs Final Paper

· Must be three to five double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center's APA Style resource (Links to an external site.).

· Must include a separate title page with the following:

o Title of paper

o Student's name

o Course name and number

o Instructor's name

o Date submitted

· For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external site.).

· Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links to an external site.) resource for additional guidance.

· Must include an Introduction and Conclusion paragraph. In the introduction paragraph indicate the purpose of your paper and provide an overview of the research design used. Introduce the various topics that will be addressed in the research paper. Identify the method(s) that will be used to collect the data for the topics and how that data will be evaluated.

· Must add an APA heading (Level 1 or Level 2) for each one of the topics discussed in the research paper as shown:

o Introduction (APA Level 1)

o Samsung's Principle Goods and Services (APA Level 1)

o Global Market Share (APA Level 1)

o Geographic Locations (APA Level 1)

o Major Competitors (APA Level 1)

o Activity Based Costing (ABC) (APA Level 1)

o Production Costs of Cellphones (APA Level 2)

o Samsung's New Challenge: Cellphones Rising Component Costs (APA Level 2)

o Standard Cost System (APA Level 1)

o Cost-Plus Concepts (APA Level 1)

o Samsung's Future Plans (APA Level 1)

Use the following APA Style blog to read about the APA Five Levels of Headings (Links to an external site.)

· Must use at least five scholarly and/or credible articles from ProQuest Business, industry databases Nasdaq.com and EY.com, and comprehensive accounting databases FASB codification, AICPA, and SEC reference library sources in addition to the course text.

· Must document any information used from sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center's Citing Within Your Paper guide. (Links to an external site.)

Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. See the Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) resource in the Ashford Writing Center for specifications.

Ashford ACC202 Week 5 Final Paper Samsung’s New Challenge Rising Component Costs

Samsung's New Challenge: Rising Component Costs

[WLOs 1, 2, 3, 4] [CLOs: 2, 3 6]